This manuscript provides guidance on assessing and managing cognitive impairment across mental disorders, including psychosis spectrum and mood disorders. It first outlines how cognition is conceptualized in current models of psychopathology. Next, it reviews methods for measuring both objective and subjective cognition, emphasizing the advantages of assessing both dimensions. Finally, the authors present recommendations for the personalized treatment of cognitive impairment based on an individualized cognitive formulation.

The manuscript is well-written and highly valuable for the field of cognition management in mental disorders. It offers concrete clinical guidelines and is relevant to both researchers and clinicians. I have only a few minor comments (see below).

Comments:
1. On page 10, the manuscript states that there is a discrepancy between cognitive tasks used in RDoC studies and traditional neuropsychological tests with normative data. However, many RDoC-inspired studies, e.g., studies investigating pro-cognitive interventions across mood and psychosis spectrum disorders, incorporate traditional neuropsychological assessments. This point could be made stronger with examples and references to these RDoC studies that employ non-traditional cognitive tasks.

1. On page 14, regarding the normative assessment process, it would be good to acknowledge that normative assessment is constrained by the available norm material. Clinicians may need to rely on outdated norms, norms unsuitable for certain age groups, or norms that do not reflect the appropriate cultural context. Given that many individuals with mental disorders are young, this limitation is particularly relevant and should be discussed.

2. On page 18, the authors suggest concrete tools to measure subjective cognition. I would suggest doing the same for objective cognition in the paragraph about normative assessment for improved clinical applicability.

3. I would suggest including a reference to the Miskowiak et al. (2024) paper, which evaluates the implementation of cognitive screenings in a mood disorder clinic (doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.04.013) for a practical example of the recommendations presented in this manuscript. It would also be very relevant to further discuss the concrete barriers that could hinder the implementation of the suggested strategies for cognitive management in clinical practice.

4. There is a typo in Figure 2 (“fedback" should be corrected).