The paper does address the fact that those firms or institutions that make raking should not use them as a pretext to sell audit services. This is a severe limitation. Rauhvargers (2013) already mentioned in the EUA Report Rankings that “QS Stars is offered as a paying service to universities. A QS Stars audit costs US$30,400. Rauhvargers, A. (2013). Global university rankings and their impact: Report II(pp. 21-23). Brussels: European University Association.