HD patients have been reported to have a higher risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of coronary restenosis in HD patients. We enrolled 54 HD patients (mean age: 66.5 +/- 10.1 years; 72.2% men; mean HD duration: 3.7 years), who received PCI and follow-up coronary angiography. Of the patients, 22 (40.7%) had restenosis within 3 to 12 months of PCI. Univariate logistic analysis showed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and history of major adverse cardiovascular events were significantly associated with coronary restenosis (OR]: 1.89, 1.27, 1.22, and 5.79, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that LDL-C was significantly associated with coronary restenosis (OR: 1.43). These data suggest that LDL-C is an independent risk factor for coronary restenosis in HD patients undergoing PCI, and strict lipid management may be required.