Objective: Examine the association between placental inflammation and neonatal infections, and 25OH vitamin D (25OH D) levels at birth among very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Study design: Serum 25OH D levels were measured in 89 VLBWI (1250g) and 47 mothers on day one, and in 78 infants on day 21. Placentas were examined for maternal and fetal inflammation. Infants were divided into deficient (10ng/ml) and adequate (>10ng/ml) groups based on 25OH D levels on day 1.Results: MeanSD maternal levels of 25OH D (21 +/- 9ng/ml) correlated with infants' levels (15 +/- 8ng/ml), (p<.001). 25OH D levels were lower in deficient (32/89) than in adequate group (8 +/- 2 versus 20 +/- 7ng/ml, p=.011). Infants' 25OH D levels rose significantly by day 21 (p<.001). Univariate analyses showed no differences between infant groups in maternal or fetal inflammation, or neonatal infections (p>.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed no association between deficient 25OH D levels and the odds of maternal or fetal inflammation or other infections. Levels of 25OH D did not correlate with severity of placental inflammation.Conclusions: Deficient levels of 25OH D at birth are not associated with the occurrence of placental inflammation or neonatal infections among VLBWI.