Study Objectives: Mandibular protrusion during sleep monitoring has been proposed as a method to predict oral appliance treatment outcome. A commercial remotely controlled mandibular protrusion (RCMP) device has become available for this purpose with predictive accuracy demonstrated in an initial study. Our aim was to validate this RCMP method for oral appliance treatment outcome prediction in a clinical sleep laboratory setting.Methods: Forty-two obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 10 events/h) were recruited to undergo a RCMP sleep study before commencing oral appliance treatment. The RCMP study was used to make a prediction of treatment "Success" or "Failure" based on a rule of <= 1 respiratory event per 5 min supine rapid eye movement sleep. Oral appliance treatment response was verified by polysomonography and defined as treatment AHI < 10 events/h with 50% reduction.Results: Participants were on average middle-aged (57.1 +/- 11.6 y) and overweight (29.6 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2)) with baseline AHI 31.5 +/- 20.5 events/h, 39% severe OSA (AHI > 30 events/h). Two participants (5%) were not able to tolerate the RCMP study. Oral appliance treatment outcome was verified in 33 participants (RCMP results: "Success" n = 10, "Failure" n = 15, "Inconclusive" n = 8). In those with a treatment outcome prediction (n = 25) the diagnostic characteristics of the RCMP test were sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 92.9%, positive predictive value 90%, and negative predictive value 86.7% (n = 3 misclassified).Conclusions: The RCMP device was well tolerated by patients and successfully used to perform mandibular protrusion sleep studies in our sleep laboratory. The RCMP sleep study showed good accuracy as a prediction technique for oral appliance treatment outcome, although there was a high rate of inconclusive tests.