Graphene-supported mesoporous carbons with rich nitrogen self-doped active sites (N-MC/rGO) are prepared by direct pyrolysis of a graphene-oxide-supported polymer composite embedded with massive, evenly distributed amorphous FeOOH that serve as efficient thermally removable templates. The resulting N-MC/rGO catalysts exhibit high surface areas and apparent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. Among the series, the sample prepared at 800 degrees C displays the best performance with a more positive onset potential, higher limiting currents, much higher stability, and stronger poison resistance than commercial Pt/C. This is ascribed to the synergetic functions of the highly conductive graphene support and the mesoporous N-doped carbons that effectively impede the restacking of the graphene sheets and enhance the exposure of the rich nitrogen self-doped active sites.